> Is there any ubiquitous, simple language available basically everywhere and with a nice IDE by default?
Python comes close. It runs on just about anything, has a very basic GUI toolkit in the standard library (Tkinter) and comes with a syntax highlighting code editor with built-in command shell as standard (IDLE).
Tkinter is ok for simple apps like a calculator. IDLE was written in it so it's fine for basic apps. For anything more complex there are wrappers available for native UI libraries, or you can use PyQt or PySide that both wrap the very capable Qt framework (a personal favourite). There are more feature complete IDEs, but honestly IDLE is a fine learning environment.
There is a commercial version of Python available for the iPad called Pythonista. It has a serviceable code editor and a bunch of external libraries baked in, but doesn't have TkInter as the desktop GUI paradigm doesn't work on iOS. Instead it has wrappers for the native iOS GUI frameworks, and even comes with a visual UI designer.
Python comes close. It runs on just about anything, has a very basic GUI toolkit in the standard library (Tkinter) and comes with a syntax highlighting code editor with built-in command shell as standard (IDLE).
Tkinter is ok for simple apps like a calculator. IDLE was written in it so it's fine for basic apps. For anything more complex there are wrappers available for native UI libraries, or you can use PyQt or PySide that both wrap the very capable Qt framework (a personal favourite). There are more feature complete IDEs, but honestly IDLE is a fine learning environment.
There is a commercial version of Python available for the iPad called Pythonista. It has a serviceable code editor and a bunch of external libraries baked in, but doesn't have TkInter as the desktop GUI paradigm doesn't work on iOS. Instead it has wrappers for the native iOS GUI frameworks, and even comes with a visual UI designer.