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The Market Wants Apple to Unveil a Time Machine (hbr.org)
70 points by i386 on Jan 17, 2013 | hide | past | favorite | 75 comments


I've just been re-reading How to get rich by Felix Dennis and this quote springs to mind:

> But a public company exists only to boost its share price, and its share price is determined, incredibly enough, by 'analysts' - spotty-faced youths who live on another planet where growth-at-any-price is the only deity one is encouraged to worship. Medium- or long-term strategies were for wimps and amateurs, in their estimation, This quarter's results, this quarter's growth, were the only things that mattered to them. It almost seemed, at times, as if profit was a dirty word. If we were making 'profits', asked the 'analysts', weren't we in danger of 'wasting' money that could have been invested to produce more 'growth'?

I thought it ridiculous when AAPL rose above $500, presumably because a mobile phone company is now the most important thing on earth; I find it equally ridiculous it's back under it now, for unknown and unknowable and probably nonsensical reasons. The madness of crowds...


The funny thing is that if you did look at Apple's profits, and the profits and stock prices of other companies, Apple should cost way more than $500.


You don't value based on a companies profits. You value a company based on your belief of their future profits.


Or dividends. If Apple paid $100 per share and it cost $1 per share, it would be a good investment even if you thought the entire company was about to explode in a giant fireball.

And then there's something in between ;)


A Daring Fireball would you say?


Only if I were more clever.


You don't base it solely on that, either. Price is determined by the imbalance of buy and sell orders. Investors might decide to buy or sell based on a multitude of factors, including but not limited to earnings and growth potential.


There's the insane repeated quarterly profits sometimes growing at 75-100% (startup scale) - then there's the growing cash hoard that exerts it's own gravitational field.

These put together should make AAPL far more valuable than it is even considering it's the most valued company in the world by market cap.

By the numbers almost any way you slice it, AAPL is undervalued. Forward P/E of 8.86 is insanely low considering how diversified the company is in comparison to say, MSFT or GOOG.


Are you trying to argue that AAPL is more diversified than MSFT?

http://blogs.technet.com/cfs-filesystemfile.ashx/__key/commu...


Of all the things on that chart, aren't Windows and Office still the primary money makers?


If you are going to make that argument, almost all of Apple's income comes from the sale of a small handful of hardware products.


Most of it's profits are from two products (and you could argue that they're actually just different sized versions of one product).

I suspect if you look at the correlation between people who buy / use Office and people who buy / use Windows you'd find something very similar - they're closer to one product than they are to two.

In reality neither company are particularly diversified (ditto Google who are basically still a search company if you look at where the money is made).



For profitable product lines, yes.


Just because sell-side analysts put out price targets on companies doesn't mean that they determine stock prices. The price of a stock is mostly (especially in the long-term) determined by the supply and demand for it.


> I think it's more a case of their being dissatisfied with their own lives and expecting that Apple's next product will fix everything.

I stopped reading at this point. Does the author even realize how immature that sounds?


You didn't miss much :

> The critics that are screaming right now are intellectually lazy. They're throwing temper tantrums instead of looking at the big picture. Like two-year-olds, they don't really know what they want. And they're not happy when they get it, anyway.


If you've been following AAPL commentary on CNBC or various trading blogs, the quote resonates. It has been a crazy week.


> We don't know what Apple has in store for us. Over the past 10 years, it reinvented the telephone, music players, the way we consume music, and mobile computing itself — actually, with the iPad, Apple invented mobile computing.

I'm sorry, but that is an absurd sentence. And that's where I stopped reading.


Which means you missed the disclosure buried at the bottom: the author owns AAPL. Why not lead with that?


Apple has a few years of profit from its present product categories. There's no doubt they can crank out the same rate of technical improvements and great design. But can they create new product categories? Most companies can't - they make one, and ride it til it dies. Apple and Steve Jobs were extraordinary in creating several. One other company that did this was Sony - until its founder retired. It's not a knock against Tim Cook, it's just that hardly anyone in the world has ever done this more than once (or even once!). And he's not a wild/crazy guy like Steve Jobs, but the opposite, someone who can make operations really work.

That said: Apple is perfectly positioned for a Google Glass product. I believe this is the next form-factor for computers after phones (because you can't make phones much smaller, and still read the screen, get your fingers on it). It also needs eyetracking for input. But Google Glass looks terrible - an Apple version would indeed look like a fashion accessory (e.g. Ray-Bans). Plus, Apple has manufacturing/technology/design experience in smaller form-factors (e.g. shuffle/nano).

tl;dr If Apple can make smartphones fashionable, sunglasses should be easy.


Glass is a product that could only have happend at Google: it's geeky, and they have money to toss on unproven devices. Apple would never release anything so experimental.


Which is why they're not releasing such a product until the market has its way with Glass... every mistake Glass makes, every bug and failure, is something Apple can avoid doing when and if it finally releases their iEye ;)


You're assuming glass, as a product, makes sense in the first place, and that others will follow. Nobody knows yet, what Google has is a prototype, not a product. Remember the Segway? It was the future too.


So geeky, it may actually hinder adoption. The general disdain for bluetooth headsets was quite widespread - voice-operated Google Glass would face the same backlash.


You mean like a phone? Into an extremely-entrenched marketplace which (in their primary market) has about a year left on their contract on average? As a relatively small player with a more-expensive-than-anyone-else product? The UI was certainly experimental, and that was a hell of a risky shot.


I wouldn't discount Ive's ability to take existing products in market, such as the TV, mobile wallet, or even things like Google Glass, and maintain Apple's attention to industrial design and user experience.

Macbook Pro Retina is beautiful, no other computer company can touch it. Still seems to be a big land-grab in the PC world, and halo effect could ripple on. Windows 8 sucks and my iPad collects dust when it comes to professional uses.

They do have an adjustment period to go through after showing a few missteps last year. Maybe they'll around $400-500 for the year until something shiny comes out like TV or iWallet.

Nobody said the market was rational. If you want to have fun, trade weekly options.


I bought more AAPL when the price dropped below $500. Consider:

- The trailing P/E was 11. 11! For a disruptive technology company! And that is well trailing since they are just about to announce new earnings.

- Apple has tremendous cash reserves.

- The stock pays a dividend.

To me the only explanation for the stock drop that makes sense is technical--i.e. it is driven by an alignment in high-volume market-timing maneuvers rather than business fundamentals.



Is this for backdating options?


I see what you did there :)


I really don't care about Apple, Jobs or Cook, but this is a horrible point (regarding Jobs track as CEO): "Volatile stock: In 2008, under Jobs, the stock price dropped by more than 50%."

Uhh... I wonder if that had anything to do with the financial crisis....


"this is a horrible point "

I think his point was that they are all horrible points. He's using the ones for Jobs as a proof by absurdity that the ones for Cook should be ignored.


I'd like them to travel back to OS X 10.6 and branch an alternate history from there.

I think they'll do well for the next few years because they are directing effort towards making computers and devices for people that don't know how to use computers. Apple's devices are attractive and are more intuitive/simple to use for many people (for example, most of my family prefers OS X to Windows). Unfortunately I believe their implementation comes at the expense of user experience for power users.

It seems wise to go long on AAPL for now, but I shan't be purchasing more of their devices personally.


I could resonate well with the Title of the article because I share the same sentiment - that with every apple announcement, people expect something that will blow their minds off. The article went on to do a comparison of revolutionary product-release timelines, failures, and stock volatility under Jobs and Cook followed by the market not being happy with Apple and so on, but I was hoping it would highlight the core reason behind the disruption of the iphone/ipad and why Apple is unlikely to meet the market's expectations.

Now, this is only an opinion, but I strongly feel that the core behind the disruptions were the technologies (or combination thereof) we know as capacitative touch-screen, multi-touch, accelerometer, and gyroscope (i'm sure i missed something). In fact, I should further point out that it is not merely the use of such technologies but rather the perfection of these technologies that allowed Apple to use them and create a user experience that would amaze the world, followed by developers using the perfected technologies to create even more delightful experiences.

Now, going back to the Title of the article that caught my eye in the fist place, while it is realistic for people to expect enhancements of hardware, new design, new software, etc. from Apple, it is unrealistic to expect Apple to release revolutionary products every year, simply because the core technologies don't follow a 1-year introduction cycle. This is something the market just doesn't understand.

I do believe that there are new core technologies in Apple's pipeline which are waiting to mature into perfection, but for now, we have to be content with Apple maximizing user experience with what they have.


According to the author, Apple invented mobile computing with the iPad. Wonder what label he gives to people using laptops on the road etc.?


The article claims Apple reinvented the telephone, ignoring the 1994 IBM Simon smartphone and every smartphone since before the iPhone came out. BlackBerry, PalmOS/WebOS, Windows CE, Linux, Symbios, etc. None of them exist apparently and Apple invented the smartphone, and everyone else ripped them off.


So article claims Apple reinvented the telephone, but you treat that as a claim that Apple invented telephone. Compare the mobile world prior to iPhone and iPad and after and say that these devices changed nothing with a straigth face.


Maybe I'm over-simplifying things, but it seems to me that it's obvious that Apple is doing very well, and there's no money in stating the obvious.

So "experts" are simply embracing the whole "Apple is doing bad" meme out of contrarianism, just to have something to say.


All I know is.. if the Apple TV had an app store I'd have one connected to every TV in my house and my families houses (Plex!)


If they wanted an App Store it would already have one. They don't want iTunes competitors on the Apple TV.


You know what, you're right. AND I just realised that now Plex is able to AirPlay from an iOS device to an Apple TV. I think my problem is actually already solved...


Of course no one knows what would happen, but personally, I'd LOVE to see how STUBBORN Tim Cook is.

I wish he stubbornly sticks to his course - whatever that maybe - and get all of his sub-ordinates to stubbornly stick to their courses and despite all the noise external parties are making about whether they are doing well or not, come out with another kick-ass products.

It's always satisfying to silence your critics by being stubborn and and then proven right.


tldr: "Disclosure: I am long AAPL."


Everyone with a mind is long AAPL right now. It's been bid down 20% lately for no apparent reason, iPhone sales were great and that's not figured in yet, Mac sales are strong and about to get stronger and that's not fully figured in yet, there are a lot of money managers with big $ riding on AAPL staying low til its earnings report, and if the P/E gets any smaller it'll be countable on one hand.

AAPL will close up at least 20% higher on March 15 than last night's close.


I'm pretty sure MS sells more Windows now than in the 90s, and yet MS is not the almost trillion dollars behemot it once was, there's the prediction of how things will develop in the future that's also an important decision in capital allocation. With ARM at the CES speaking of $100 phones it might be a good time for people to ponder if the smartphone mojo is gone and if the big bucks will come from volume of sales in the future.

There's a growth plateau for every company and I believe the market believes by now that Apple is approaching it.

EDIT: There's of course the iPad but I would prefer a few more years to see how things develop for Apple in this front.


Spoilers: factually I agree with much of what he says and you say. But there are always going to be naysayers.

I expect Tim Cook to do well. He may do better than Jobs. He may also get hit by a bus tomorrow. He may do a competent job but ultimately be judged not the visionary jobs is as most expect. And he may be just plain bad. In that last case the naysayers will say they told us so.

So I'm making my way through his article wondering what the point is... is it "Tim Cook is teh REAL DEALZ" or "give Tim Cook more time" or, wait here it is: "stop tanking my portfolio fuckers"


If this were an obvious fact, wouldn't the market reflect that?


If the market were perfectly efficient—and we know it isn't—maybe. Wall Street is (IMO) a trailing rather than a leading indicator and is more indicative of a herd mentality than innovative thinking.

But what do I know? I only have a few thousand dollars in mutual funds through an RRSP and don't do financial software development.


The market is eventually accurate when it comes to pricing, but the timing of when corrections happen can benefit some people more than others. So even if most people think the price is low right now, it still might be in their best interest to hold off on buying for a little while.



Some have said that this article was planted to manipulate the stock in advance of earnings.


Everyone I have seen say that has a vested interest in Apple doing well. I doubt WSJ would sacrifice all credibility to mess with a stock for a bit.


"Blue horseshoe loves Anacott steel"

The WSJ has never had credibility in this regard.


I'm sorry, but the whole "it's all a conspiracy to keep Apple down" line is ridiculous: The market is highly adversarial, and if anyone were "keeping it down" artificially, they would have their lunch eaten by those looking for value.

As one of the most held equities, AAPL isn't an easy asset to game.

Apple has enormous, historic profit levels, and are sitting at an incredible altitude. If you really can't see the risk factors there -- why people might be skeptical -- especially given some broad shifts in the market (where competitors have largely kept up and are forcing Apple to iterate much more quickly, and to start to introduce products that compete against themselves, both of which threaten Apple's unprecedented profit margins), you aren't looking at the market rationally. Assuming that anything is a sure thing is just ridiculous.


> The market is highly adversarial, and if anyone were "keeping it down" artificially, they would have their lunch eaten by those looking for value.

Yes, which is why it's hovering around $500 instead of $0.

But the real question is why competing companies have P/E ratios despite demonstrably worse prospects--Microsoft, for example, has a P/E of almost 15 despite far worse prospects in mobile, lower profits, and a smaller cash reserve. Explain that.

Even a back-of-the-envelope look at AAPL's business shows there is something weird going on with the stock.


But the real question is why competing companies have P/E ratios despite demonstrably worse prospects

Apple and Microsoft's P/E ratio aren't that far off each other. The latter, however, pays a dividend (the two ways to make money off an equity are appreciation and dividends). Further, and saying this with the understanding the P/E is more general guidance than science, Microsoft's products are structural, and despite an endless stream of disasters Microsoft can still pull in the relatively mammoth profits. Apple, on the other hand, exists almost entirely on the backs of the iPhone and the iPad, neither of which have much structural fixedness at all. If the iPhone 6 is a dud for any reason, or the supply lines of either of those face any issues...boom, Apple's profits evaporate. There is dramatically more risk factored into Apple's profits.


Um, Apple also pays a dividend - 10x more than Microsoft actually, at $2.65 quarterly vs $0.23.

Further more, Apple's P/E of 11.4 vs microsoft's near-15 is a pretty big difference. Not Amazon big, at 3872x! But among the tech sector, it barely covers Apple's incoming 5 year cash flow in a zero-growth scenario.

Supply lines for Apple are the same supply lines for other manufacturers, so that's not it. As for "the next phone being a flop and boom, dead", that concept seems rather far fetched, no? A slow meltdown in favour of Android or others is much more likely than any one model somehow being magically disastrous. How often has this ever happened in consumer electronics?


Um, Apple also pays a dividend - 10x more than Microsoft actually, at $2.65 quarterly vs $0.23.

Whoa, totally didn't see the news that they had caved to pressure and gone the dividend route. It isn't actually 10x, however, as AAPL has approximately 1/10th the shares issues. Their dividends are very similar.

Regarding the P/E ratio, it isn't so big. Just a few months ago AAPL had a similar 15x P/E ratio.

that concept seems rather far fetched, no

Ask RIM. They owned the market, and one year everyone was talking about how much cash they had in reserves, and the next they were on life support. Apple has even less of a lock-in than RIM (enterprise blackberry messenger being how RIM hung in for a little while), though they've been trying to make their own platforms (Me, Facetime, Airplay, etc).

If the next version simply isn't a compelling enough upgrade for existing users, Apple will see very rapidly declining fortunes.


RIM didn't have a specific "failed model" that led to a collapse in margin. They were a case of slow death, with warning signs beginning even in 2007 with market share instability as the global market for smartphones exploded. Actually you could point to the failure of the Storm in 2008 as their inability to adapt to a touchscreen-centric device, though that didn't directly lead to a margin collapse - just part of an overall slow market share whithering. A lot of these failures were hidden due to RIM's internal explosive growth through 2010, keeping their eyes off how much more Apple and Samsung were growing.

So for Apple, the two areas to watch out for will be: market and profit share losses (so far Android has not been growing at Apple's expense- that may change), and whether they fail with a major "me too" feature that another carrier brings to market and has big success with. The latter I havent seen any real sign of. The former, there's a question mark if Android can successfully kill margins in the mobile phone space through their market share to a point that hurts everyone (Samsung, Apple, etc) but mostly Apple. On the other hand, Android is buying its market share from being a fully Google-subsidized set of software with no licensing fees. Is that sustainable?

As for lock-in, surely the success of iTunes and the integration of AirPlay across all devices has caused significant lock in? I mean, media options in the Android world pale in comparison, only Microsoft Xbox Live really has a comparable selection of movies and tv shows. Similarly, the App Store selection have been a huge advantage to Apple with strong equivalents being slow to appear on Play.

So of course, to your last point, if Apple doesn't keep making compelling upgrades, their fortunes will decline. but that goes for EVERY manufacturer that wishes to make a profit. if the Samsung Galaxy S4 isn't compelling, wouldn't that benefit Nokia and HTC and Apple? Samsung's profit growth too is almost exclusively driven from Smartphones - their other product lines aren't as profitable.

Ultimately I think Apple has many risks ahead but I don't think they're as fragile as you seem to believe.


> Just a few months ago AAPL had a similar 15x P/E ratio.

Exactly, and what has substantially changed in their business since then? Nothing, which is why the depression in the share price is weird/suspicious.


There is nothing at all suspicious about what has changed. Skepticism has grown to the point where it is now actually somewhat believable. Six months ago a story about collapsing orders would have been laughed away, whereas now it gets a serious reading because it seems actually possible. Share prices are a speculation about the future, and Apple's heights have an inherent growing risk factor with them.


I assume you're talking about the Nikkei and WSJ stories, but those came after the share price was already down to about $520. To the extent those explain the slide, they can only explain a very small, late portion of it.

With all due respect, it seems like you have a mental narrative about Apple and you're just going to stick to it without regard to the details of this specific situation. You didn't even know the stock pays a dividend.

We'll just have to wait and see what the earnings report looks like. If it is satisfactory or good, as I expect, then I think it's likely the stock will be back over $600 within a couple months, and likely even higher by the summer.


The arguments I've heard may be difficult to pull off, but they do make sense. One cited a lot of deep in the money call options expire soon, and the folks that wrote those options have a lot to lose if the stock is high when they expire in a few days. With today's sloppy reporting and Apple being an especially juicy target for rumor-mongering, trying to deflate AAPL in the time just before the payout both makes sense and is probably easier than you imagine.

You say that people aren't looking at the market rationally, but look at the volatility in AAPL just this week. It's decidedly not normal for a stock with a price that high to see 4% fluctuations day-to-day unless there's real news. Everything out there has been asinine rumors.

As for having their lunch eaten by those looking for value... I bought call options yesterday on the wacky price dip; they were up over 200% today. Granted I only bought one option on the bet that a lot of this activity has been based on attempts to drive down the stock price on rumor alone so it's not like I made a whole lot (about $180 in profit), but people with much more money to throw around than myself taking a similar bet made stupid amounts of money in the last 36 hours or so.

I'll also point out here is that Apple has all of the profits in the industry, even if it doesn't have the marketshare. It's been true of the Mac for years, and is increasingly true of the cell phone market as Samsung eats into marketshare. Guess what? I care about profit, not marketshare, which is why I'm long AAPL.


I'll also point out here is that Apple has all of the profits in the industry, even if it doesn't have the marketshare. It's been true of the Mac for years, and is increasingly true of the cell phone market as Samsung eats into marketshare. Guess what? I care about profit, not marketshare, which is why I'm long AAPL.

That is no longer true. Samsung had a great 2012 and seems poised to have an even better with the S4 and the Note 2. Apple is still making a shitload of money but none of the market trends are in their favor right now.

What's more, the rise of the "phablet" and the explosion of mobile form factors means iOS development is about to get a lot harder. Developers used to pixel-perfect layouts are going to have to shift to a completely different mindset and the tools Apple provides for handling dynamic layouts are far more difficult to use than those of the competition.


  > That is no longer true. 
So show your numbers.

  > What's more, the rise of the "phablet" and the explosion of mobile
  > form factors means iOS development is about to get a lot harder.
How exactly? Do you know something we don't? So far we have three resolutions to care about, iPhone, iPhone 5 and iPad. Next step for iPad will be retina iPad mini which changes nothing. How Samsung of Google releasing some weird form factor will make my life as an iOS developer harder? And btw, there is autolayout if you missed it.


Two seconds of Googling: http://www.engadget.com/2012/07/26/samsungs-q2-2012-earnings...

Apple can't keep playing this doubling/halving game forever. They already strained things with the iPhone 5 form factor enough that I'm still seeing tons of apps that haven't been updated and if they want to compete with things like the Note 2 then they're really going to have to break the mold. All those beautiful IB designs are going to go out the window.

And no, I didn't miss AutoLayout but it's got to be one of the worst Apple APIs in a long time. The textual shorthand is cryptic enough to impress a Perl programmer.


The Note 2 isn't exactly setting the world on fire - yes, it's doing well at 5 million pre-Christmas, but it is way behind the sell rate of S3s.

Thus I don't think Apple is going to be shifting form factors for phablets, the iPad Mini is basically their concession to a middle road form factor (and by most accounts is selling very well).


It's decidedly not normal for a stock with a price that high to see 4% fluctuations day-to-day unless there's real news.

The WSJ's story claiming Apple cut iPhone 5 component orders in half is definitely real news if it turns out to reflect a real drop in demand.


Except it's not REAL news. First of all it's not even news, since it's a rehash of similar reports that were first reported back in December, only this time it's display instead of other parts. Secondly there is absolutely no source or anything credible that states the reason of the cut. The cut is real (albeit old news), but reporting it as if iPhone 5's demand being weak was a matter of fact (it wasn't) is downright irresponsible.

Also the initial report suggested the cut was from 65 million units, which means even at half of that it would have been a record non-holiday quarter, but that number was soon removed from the WSJ report because it may not have supported their fear-mongering.

Something is fishy here.


Always a good time to recall jim cramer's great conversation on market manipulation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMShFx5rThI


You say that people aren't looking at the market rationally, but look at the volatility in AAPL just this week. It's decidedly not normal for a stock with a price that high to see 4% fluctuations day-to-day unless there's real news

The market is adversarial, which is why it is seeing the fluctuations that it does (doubly so because it is an equity that most have been incredibly bullish about until quite recently, so it's at a potential transition point). The market is entirely rational, though the positions and perspectives that define each persons idea of rational vary.

I'll also point out here is that Apple has all of the profits in the industry, even if it doesn't have the marketshare.

This is an odd note to add on the end. Aside from Samsung making egregious profits as well (on a "commodity, race-to-the-bottom" platform), the fact that Apple makes so much profit in the consumer electronics market -- a market where profit margins average low single digits -- is exactly what makes so many nervous about Apple's long term outlook. The iPad Mini, for instance, is all about trying to save an iPad sale that they might have lost, at the cost of significant profit. For the first time ever I am seeing sales on Apple devices, including the latest and greatest. All is not at all what it was a year ago.


The irony in using the fact that Steve Jobs had a $247mil loss as a sign for hope, then later down stating that Amazon had the exact same $247mil loss -- as a sign that it has nothing on AAPL.


Time Machine, Time Capsule... Same thing http://www.apple.com/timecapsule/


Nah, they had their party, we just want them to go away :-)




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