I've not heard that one before either. Is it a reference to the Dark Tower? ("[he] has forgotten the face of his father") or did Stephen King borrow it from somewhere else?
This is an old punchline in China for many years and I doubt it comes from English literature. I guess the meaning is similar (last name ~= name of the father)
Edit: obviously I should google dark power first lol.
Also a slight edit, I wrote name initially. Of course in the books it's "face of his father", but it still sounds similar [1]. To admit to forgetting the face of one's father is to be deeply shameful, to accuse someone of it is insinuating they should be ashamed of themselves.
This is literally trash talking Slang in Chinese, because this field is full of young bloated researchers who forget their last name