The US is the least dependent major economy on the planet, when it comes to foreign trade. The vast majority of all US companies operate with between zero and minimal exports. The US is a highly self-contained economy (it should be obvious that's not the same as entirely self-contained), few other nations come even remotely close to being comparable.
I totally agree with you that the US is very self contained compared to many countries, though I wonder if that would also be true of the EU as a bloc. The graph you posted treats the US as one unit but each EU country as a separate unit. I think it EU/US or EU country/US state would be more comparable.
The only domestic only companies I can think of aren't competitive in an international market, hence being domestic only.