And while there's no challenging the underlying proposition "AI has value", right now 95% of corporate users are still at the "throw everything at the wall and see what sticks" level in terms of model usage compute.
It's sheer brute force, tons of waste, seems like very little thought going in to fitting the implementation to the problem.
The value of compute can drop significantly in the event of users figuring out how to optimise for their particular need. And yep, there are wasteful applications that can burn whatever compute is available, but how much demand for that is there when it's properly priced?
Extreme example. Generating novel 4K VR video on demand. I'm certain there's a market for it, at $10/hour probably quite a healthy one, at $100/hour not so much.
It's not rational relative to the short-term incentives of a typical corporation or investment vehicle. PE, VC, fund managers aren't paid to give a fuck about the social contract. Literally not in their job description.
So I think you're right, but my diagnosis of the problem is a little different.
As in:
_why_ does everyone want a middle class life?
_why_ is only a middle class life that's seen as being dignified?
I've friends across a wide range of ages, from late 50s to mid 20s, and it's notable that the older ones have stories of some incredibly grimy circumstances from their 20s which today's 20somethings would be unwilling to endure, they'd rather stay at home with their parents. Living in squats, bedsits or mobile homes, sofa surfing for extended periods, etc.
Lots of people in previous times started families when they were flat broke. Some out of choice, some it just happened. Granted that's not ideal, but they made it work.
Not necessarily fake. Mind/body homeostasis is WAY more complicated than that.
To use a computing analogy, which doesn't map perfectly onto the body, if consciousness awareness is userland, you can have things go wrong which are localised in ring 0 - brain drugs will be to some degree effective on those, that doesn't mean it's fake or made up.
In reality there are fuzzy boundaries and feedback loops everywhere. SSRIs treating this isn't any more mysterious than NSAID painkillers being somewhat effective for acute depression.
It's probably a whole set of feedback processes that get screwed up, hence the panoply of symptoms, inserting a hard stop into one part of the loop can be enough to kick the system back into a better functioning state.
I think there are strong links between the immune system, the autonomic system, and the brain. A dysregulation immune system can seriously mess with you.
The classic psychological explanation is the patient only thinks they are sick. But the reality is their body is behaving like they are sick. Worse the classic explanation why you feel sick is 'toxins' from an infection and that is wrong. It's your reaction to feedback from your immune system.
Yep - people wonder why we can't treat ME/CFS, we don't even have decent biochemical markers for "fatigue" vs "energy", beyond trivial stuff like blood oxygenation and lactic acid. Nor are there much in the way of markers which will determine whether a competing athlete is going to have a good or a bad day.
For example, we have a concept of "energy" for which calories is a rough proxy, but there's no particular reason why fighting an infection should draw on the same reserves that running either endurance or peak muscle does, especially as most people operate in a state of calorie surplus, and their respiratory system is more than capable of supplying a bit of extra O2 unless they're severely ill. And yet clearly the immune/autonomic system forces people into a "rest" state in case of infection.
Or another one, there's no particular biological reason for older people to have less "energy". Like yes there's loss in muscle mass and some small drop-offs in the efficiency of various systems, but it doesn't seem like directly compensating for those makes all that much difference.
Yep, we can measure ATP and so on at the cellular level, but we don't have much of a picture of how that maps onto the physical/psychological sensation of "energy".
Like we know at a crude physical level, we can give someone a bit of a boost with glucose and sympathomimetic stimulants, but sometimes it works a lot better than others. And it's ineffective for fatigue syndromes, but they can't be the other mechanical things commonly associated with fatigue either. (lactic acid, micro-tears and so on).
In that scenario, the AI owners become rentiers - able to charge as much as the market will bear for brokerage - and everyone else gets to offer their services via said brokerages, which charge the customer the most they can bear, and pay the worker the least.
Any economy of scale - which is, in a way, what allows knowledge economies to exist at all - will accrue to the middleman.
Good news for those able to master manual, craft skills to a degree most cannot. High-end tradespeople, specialist installation technicians and so on. Bad news for everyone else besides rentiers.
Probably because it evolved very early (like before bilateral symmetry, multi layer body cavity, or kidneys early... maybe even before multicellular animals early) and so has been incorporated as an essential pillar into multiple processes layered on top of that fundamental architecture.
You've merely stated observations about the context and the process that led to it. That doesn't in any way answer the question of what it's actually doing that's so essential.
My point is that, in a higher organism, it may be essential to how a lot of their processes function, in that it was infrastructure that already existed at the time those processes were developed, so they were in turn developed to depend upon it.
So "the reason it originally exists" and "what breaks if you take it away" aren't necessarily the same thing.
As with, say, digestion, or an major organ like the liver, it's reasonable to think that it does simple things in simple animals, and more complex things in more complex ones.
Take out an animal's liver, it's not one process that stops working, it's dozens. There's one or two that will kill it quicker, so those are the ones it dies of, but artificial livers are hard to build as they implement so many vital processes.
I don't dispute any of that but it's stating the obvious, it's nothing more than topical conjecture (even if it's almost certainly correct), and (most importantly) it does nothing to answer the question. What essential functions are being performed?
Take your liver example. We can largely answer that same question. I can't off the top of my head but the answer is fairly well established even if incomplete to varying degrees depending on the species.
There is widespread consensus on why a liver is needed for survival whereas there is not for sleep. That's particularly interesting when you consider that sleep is more common across the tree of life than dedicated livers are (at least AFAIK).
Sleep is more common across the tree of life because it's older.
Older than bilateral symmetry even - jellyfish are thought to sleep, sponges however do not. Jellyfish don't have spinal columns, lungs, gills, livers, kidneys, hearts, guts or blood, but they do have nerves and they do seem to sleep.
There is widespread consensus as to which processes failing will kill you first in acute liver failure, but it governs dozens of processes that, medium term, are essential to life; not all are widely understood.
In the case of sleep, it seems to be nervous system dysregulation that kills. It's notable that comatose patients don't seem to suffer the ill-effects of sleep deprivation. But still, "the thing that kills an animal subject to extreme sleep deprivation" is not necessarily "the original process for which sleep was evolved".
Human brains do some fairly complicated vital things during sleep (REM, spindles, slow wave activity), but that can't be the original essential function - the simplest animals that sleep (jellyfish) don't really have brains, although they do have nervous systems.
Whereas those animals which lack nervous systems (sponges) can't be said to sleep, although it's reasonable to ask.. "how would you tell?", or ask whether the question itself makes sense for something that lacks the ability to sense, plan, act.
So another framing is "anything which can be awake, must also be asleep". But one might equally argue, we don't know why animals are awake.
We can go one step further and suppose that, in order for an animal to act, to exercise will, it must do so at above its average metabolic rate, and in doing so it necessarily incurs metabolic debt.
If he articulated a particular essential process and why it depends on sleep in an incidental manner that might make for a reasonable hypothesis. However it would not refute the earlier (cited) claim that there is no consensus.
As presented without any concrete information about the processes involved it doesn't even qualify as a hypothesis, merely empty handwaving. In context it's even worse, being an entirely baseless contradiction of a claim pulled from a prominent paper.
I never agreed with him but all of that is implied. It being informed speculation included.
Also there being no consensus means most scientists who touch on the topic are FFA speculating except the person stating there is no consensus in the overview. It's not "settled science" but rather the opposite.
The question was "why is it needed". In context the meaning is clearly to ask what it's doing that's essential and (it follows) why those things are essential.
The subsequent response did not (as you suggest) articulate some subset of nonessential things done during sleep. Rather it rattled off plausible (and widely understood) aspects of the process that could have led to the current situation. Even if it had listed concrete activities that would still not have made for a meaningful answer.
The first clue that something is wrong should be that the linked article is recent and prominent. Thus short a brand new groundbreaking development we can be reasonably certain that a random commenter on the internet will not be sensibly rebutting the claims (and certainly not in the span of ~2 sentences).
No that was not the question. Why precisely sleep is essential is a complete non-sequitur to the original question, which was "does something occur during sleep which resembles what is described in TFA such that it can justifiably be called sleep."
As a general rule of thumb, if you find someone's responses incoherent, it's good practice to check what is actually being discussed.
"If you pay 3x more for your appliances (TV, dishwasher, oven, etc...) you don't get something 3x more reliable/better engineered."
You do at the bottom of unregulated markets. For dishwashers and ovens, safety regs generally impose a high floor on the market. There is no $40 oven, because it's physically impossible to make a safety-compliant oven for $40. If it weren't for market regulation, $40 death-trap ovens would be a thing for sure.
The very cheapest compliant unit isn't _much_ worse than a mid-market unit, it might be a bit flimsier and wear out sooner; high-end luxury units aren't much better than mid-market units - because there's not much innovation driving progress at the top end. AEG and Bosch are still generally solid engineering, but there's not much point in paying more than that unless you like the aesthetics.
Mercedes and BMW - small-volume performance models aside - are like the big fashion brands, Vuitton etc., they're selling the idea of luxury to people who aren't even nouveau-riche, more like borrowing money to cosplay loudly as nouveau-riche. Compare old 1970s Merc convertibles with today's, the modern ones are just kind of ugly, aggressive and sad.
ADAM Audio loudspeakers are pretty good or were last time I bought a pair. They're designed as studio monitors but great for listening too. Perhaps they've gone downhill since being bought by a listed company a few years ago?
>ADAM Audio loudspeakers are pretty good or were last time I bought a pair. They're designed as studio monitors but great for listening too. Perhaps they've gone downhill since being bought by a listed company a few years ago?
The Focusrite buyout (unless there was another after it) seem to have improved quality and transparency (i.e. publicly available official measurements for their current range). Still, performance remains lacking for the asking price of the A/S models; the A7V has a massive port resonance near 650 Hz, for example.
It's sheer brute force, tons of waste, seems like very little thought going in to fitting the implementation to the problem.
The value of compute can drop significantly in the event of users figuring out how to optimise for their particular need. And yep, there are wasteful applications that can burn whatever compute is available, but how much demand for that is there when it's properly priced?
Extreme example. Generating novel 4K VR video on demand. I'm certain there's a market for it, at $10/hour probably quite a healthy one, at $100/hour not so much.
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